Is it permissible in the Islamic Law to beat the accused during the interrogation so that he confesses?

Question

It must be clearly understood that individuals are not allowed to take the law into their own hands. Matters of investigation, judgment, and punishment belong only to legitimate authorities and courts. As a general rule, coercion, torture, and unjust harm are not permissible. In cases where suspicion is weak or unclear, any form of beating or abuse is strictly forbidden. Even in situations where suspicion appears strong and supported by clear signs, such matters remain under the authority of a judge within a lawful system, not individuals. Importantly,
any confession obtained through torture or duress is not considered valid. It cannot be used as a basis for punishment or for establishing rights. Decisions must rely on clear, lawful evidence, and it is the judge who determines the appropriate course of action in accordance with justice.